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Iodine Mineral Research General Articles

Hoxsey Red Clover Burdock Plus Blood Cleansing Herbal Formula.

The following research abstracts are presented to reflect the findings of possible benefits from minerals as a dietary supplement and nutritional supplement.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): oxygen utilization and energy production.

Med Hypotheses (ENGLAND) Jun 1993, 40 (6) p364-6

Reid found selenium (Se) deficient soils were a common factor in two populations with the highest incidence of SIDS world-wide (Indian population of King County Washington State, USA and the population of Canterbury, New Zealand). Reid compared a map of the selenium responsive livestock areas in New Zealand with areas of low soil iodine (I). She found that the 1989 report of areas of the highest SIDS incidence coincided with Se responsive livestock areas combined with low soil iodine. Foster found the 1983-84 incidence of SIDS in USA has the strongest positive correlation with the incidence of goitre in World War I troops (1916). Sodium and strontium were positively related. Emery found a hypernatraemic SIDS victim in a very cold environment. Robertson and Parker associated increased sodium (Na) (used in Scunthorpe, England, as a water softener) with increased incidence of SIDS. Godwin's study of White Muscle Disease in lambs describes Se protection. Skeletal muscle mitochondria from dystrophic animals showed lowered respiratory rates with palmitoyl-dl-carnitine and acetyl-dl-carnitine as substrate. Dystrophic organelles failed to respond to ADP. Rognun found elevated hypoxanthine and an enhanced immune response in most SIDS victims. A syndrome associated with potassium deficiency has been described as a killer of healthy, young Asian men, most often during sleep. This paper describes the interactions of sodium (Na), potassium (K), selenium (Se), and iodine (I) to some factors affecting the utilization of oxygen and the production of energy. (19 Refs.)

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General Iodine Research

Deliberations and evaluations of the approaches, endpoints and paradigms for selenium and iodine dietary recommendations.

Levander OA; Whanger PD
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, MD 20705, USA.
J Nutr (UNITED STATES) Sep 1996, 126 (9 Suppl) p2427S-2434S

Information is presented regarding the approaches that have been used to establish dietary recommendations for selenium and iodine. In the case of selenium, activity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase has served as a convenient biochemical endpoint for judging nutritional status. However, there are differences of opinion among various nutritionists as to whether full expression of this enzymatic activity is required for adequate nutriture, thereby resulting in differences in dietary recommendations. Endpoints for assessing selenium overexposure are much less satisfactory, but toxicological standards for selenium have nevertheless been established. Thus far, no nutritionists have attempted to shift the paradigm for determining dietary selenium recommendations away from prevention of deficiency disease to prevention of chronic degenerative disease (e.g., cancer). In the case of iodine, urinary excretion of the element is the most widely used endpoint for judging nutritional status. Numerous epidemiological surveys have been conducted to determine the level of urinary iodine excretion that is consistent with prevention of goiter, the most common endpoint of iodine deficiency. Because dietary iodine is essentially quantitatively excreted in the urine, determination of the latter in goitrous areas will allow an almost direct estimation of those intakes at risk of developing deficiency disease. Iodine toxicity is complicated by the fact that some persons are quite tolerant to the element whereas others are highly sensitive to it. There are relatively complete data sets concerning exposure vs. human health effects for both selenium and iodine so that sounder bases probably exist for their dietary recommendations than for many other trace elements.

Selenium is an essential trace element in nutrition for the prevention of disease in humans. Epidemiological studies indicate an association between low nutritional selenium status and increased risks of cardiomyopathy, cardiovascular disease, and carcinogenesis in various sites of the body. The role of selenium supplementation in the prevention and treatment of AIDS-related pathology has been considered. Selenoproteins discovered in mammalian cells may account for the essentiality of selenium in the body's antioxidant defense; thyroid hormone function; immune system function, particularly the cellular immunity; formation of sperm; and functioning of the prostate gland. The seleno-organic compounds, primarily L-(+)-selenomethionine, generally are recognized as safe and effective forms of selenium supplementation. The nutritionally recommended dose of elemental selenium is estimated at 50 to 200 mg per day. There is, however, increased discussion of a pharmacological dose of selenium, significantly higher than the nutritional dose of the microelement, to treat active conditions. One way of increasing the tissue levels of selenium is to combine its ingestible form with a nutrient bioavailability enhancing compound. (87 Refs.)

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