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Magnesium Mineral Research General Articles
The following research abstracts are presented to reflect the findings of possible benefits from minerals as a dietary supplement and nutritional supplement.
Magnesium sulfate therapy in certain emergency conditions
American Journal of Emergency Medicine (USA), 1997, 15/2 (182-187)
Intravenous magnesium has been suggested as a treatment for certain emergency conditions for more than 60 years. It is currently proposed to be beneficial in treating asthma, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrhythmias. The use and efficacy of the drug, however, are controversial. This article discusses the current state of magnesium sulfate research and therapy.
Magnesium metabolism in health and disease
DIS. MON. (USA), 1988, 34/4 (166-218)
Magnesium is an important element for health and disease. Magnesium, the second most abundant intracellular cation, has been identified as a cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions involving energy metabolism and protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Approximately half of the total magnesium in the body is present in soft tissue, and the other half in bone. Less than 1% of the total body magnesium is present in blood. Nonetheless, the majority of our experimental information comes from determination of magnesium in serum and red blood cells. At present, we have little information about equilibrium among and state of magnesium within body pools. Magnesium is absorbed uniformly from the small intestine and the serum concentration controlled by excretion from the kidney. The clinical laboratory evaluation of magnesium status is primarily limited to the serum magnesium concentration, 24-hour urinary excretion, and percent retention following parenteral magnesium. However, results for these tests do not necessarily correlate with intracellular magnesium. Thus, there is no readily available test to determine intracellular/total body magnesium status. Magnesium deficiency may cause weakness, tremors, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia. The causes of hypomagnesemia are reduced intake (poor nutrition or IV fluids without magnesium), reduced absorption (chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, or bypass/resection of bowel), redistribution (exchange transfusion or acute pancreatitis), and increased excretion (medication, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, renal tubular disorders, hypercalcemia, hyperthyroidism, aldosteronism, stress, or excessive lactation). A large segment of the U.S. population may have an inadequate intake of magnesium and may have a chronic latent magnesium deficiency that has been linked to atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension, cancer, kidney stones, premenstrual syndrome, and psychiatric disorders. Hypermagnesemia is primarily seen in acute and chronic renal failure, and is treated effectively by dialysis.
Comparative findings on serum IMg2+ of normal and diseased human subjects with the NOVA and KONE ISE's for Mg2+
SCAND. J. CLIN. LAB. INVEST. SUPPL. (United Kingdom), 1994, 54/217
It is clear now that although different ionophores for ionized Mg (IMg2+) have been designed by several groups, each of these has a distinctly different K(MgCa). In view of this, it is important to determine whether each of these ion selective electrodes (ISE's) yield identical results for IMg2+ in sera from healthy and diseased humans. Using such an approach, we determined, in a blinded-and random manner, IMg2+ with both the NOVA and KONE ISE's for IMg2+ in two independent laboratories. No significant differences were found either for sera from healthy human volunteers or diseased patients. We did, however, note several interesting findings: 1. randomly, selected hospitalized patients exhibit a much higher incidence of abnormalities for IMg2+ (57-71%) than that noted previously for total Mg (TMg) measurements; and 2. coronary heart disease, rectal cancer and multiple sclerosis patients exhibit extracellular deficits in ionized free Mg.
Magnesium hormonal regulation and metabolic interrelations
PRESSE MED. (France), 1988, 17/12 (584-587)
Magnesium ion is of great importance in physiology by its intervention in 300 enzymatic systems, its role in membrane structure and its function in neuromuscular excitability. The skeleton is the first pool of magnesium in the body. Intestinal absorption, renal metabolism, bone accretion and reabsorption of magnesium are very similar to those of calcium. Magnesium metabolism is accurately controlled, in particular by parathyroid hormone, 25 - dihydroxy vitamin D3, calcitonin, catecholamine and estrogens. The main regulation mechanisms of magnesium metabolism are located in the kidney which is the principal excretory organ.
Thymic changes in the magnesium-depleted rat.
Alcock, N. W., Shils, M. E., Lieberman, P. H., & Erlandson, R. A. Cancer Research, 33, 2196-2204. (1973).
The effects of a magnesium-deficient diet fed to rats for approximately 65 days have been assessed with special reference to changes in the thymus. The thymus was enlarged in 18 to 52% of deficient animals surviving more than 6 to 7 weeks in various experiments. The remainder demonstrated glands that were smaller than controls. The enlarged thymuses showed marked cellular changes with the normal structure being replaced by cells that morphologically resembled transformed lymphocytes. Of the small glands, 19% had focal or lobular cellular changes similar to those seen in enlarged thymuses. No distant metastases were found and the changes have been interpreted as hyperplastic rather than neoplastic. Prolonged magnesium depletion was accompanied by hypomagnesemia and hypercalcemia or normocalcemia. Marked leukocytosis was present during the early stages of the deficiency. Splenomegaly was consistently found in the magnesium-depleted animals.
Magnesium deficiency/ Rats/ Rodents/ Thymus
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